There are a number of "innovative" techniqes that briefly "burned and crashed" in other sports although there were presumably some lessons learned. I'm thinking of Grahame Obree and his "washing machine" bicycle (we don't see any washing machines in the Tour de France) and a theory proposed by Mindy Blake many years ago, based on Lee Trevino's stance. In the latter case there are still some golfers who hit the ball, predominantly with "fade", to achieve better control.
Trevino stood with an "open stance" and Mindy Blake wrote a couple of books about this. In archery the "open stance" is still being taught, although, because I am only a newcomer to archery I am less sure of my facts on this, I believe that it is going out of fashion. Aren't we returning to the Roy Matthews school of archery? Ray Axford's book on archery anatomy ought to tell us that we are really constrained by our physiques.

Add bells and whistles if you like ...
Edited...
I knew there was something I had forgotten.
One great success of which some of the older members on the forum will remember was the introduction of the "Fosbury Flop" to high jumping. I remember the astonishment among the commentators on the Olympics when Dick Fosbury won Olympic Gold with his really radical new technique. Before this we had little more than the "Western Roll" to clear the bar. Something slightly less spectacular happened with Bob Beman's massive long jump which stood as a world record for years, although the hitch-kick was less of an innovation. Both these techniques were truly "paradigm shifts" in the true sense of the phrase.